A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without permission or knowledge of the user. However, the term "virus" is commonly used, albeit erroneously, to refer to many different types of malware programs. The original virus may modify the copies, or the copies may modify themselves, as occurs in a metamorphic virus. A virus can only spread from one computer to another when its host is taken to the uninfected computer, for instance by a user sending it over a network or the Internet, or by carrying it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, or USB drive. Additionally, viruses can spread to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer. Viruses are sometimes confused with computer worms and Trojan horses. A worm can spread itself to other computers without needing to be transferred as part of a host, and a Trojan horse is a file that appears harmless until executed.
Many personal computers are now connected to the Internet and to local area networks, facilitating the spread of malicious code. Today's viruses may also take advantage of network services such as the World Wide Web, e-mail, and file sharing systems to spread, blurring the line between viruses and worms. Furthermore, some sources use an alternative terminology in which a virus is any form of self-replicating malware.
Some viruses are programmed to damage the computer by damaging programs, deleting files, or reformatting the hard disk. Others are not designed to do any damage, but simply replicate themselves and perhaps make their presence known by presenting text, video, or audio messages. Even these benign viruses can create problems for the computer user. They typically take up computer memory used by legitimate programs. As a result, they often cause erratic behavior and can result in system crashes. In addition, many viruses are bug-ridden, and these bugs may lead to system crashes and data loss.
Thursday, March 27, 2008
Find out who's invisible on yahoo messenger.....
Chose a person you want to check .Double click to open the chat window.Now simply invite the person for a voice conference.This is done by clicking on the "conference' button on the top of the chat window.
If the talk button appears and turns green then that person is online.But if you receive the message 'Voice chat could not be started ' then the person is offline.
Note:Some people use softwares like buddy spy to check who is invisible.I DON'T RECOMMEND you to use such third party softwares as they can expose your PC to hackers by sending your personal information and can even steal information from your PC.So avoid such softwares and instead use the simple tricks given above.
If the talk button appears and turns green then that person is online.But if you receive the message 'Voice chat could not be started ' then the person is offline.
Note:Some people use softwares like buddy spy to check who is invisible.I DON'T RECOMMEND you to use such third party softwares as they can expose your PC to hackers by sending your personal information and can even steal information from your PC.So avoid such softwares and instead use the simple tricks given above.
What is Voip....?
What Is VoIP? and How Does It Work?
Introduction....
The way we make phone calls is changing. In fact in many circumstances things have already changed. Take long distance calls for instance, many service providers are already using a technology called Voice Over IP or VOIP for short. If you have never heard of VOIP before, then the following article will change the way you think about how long distance phone calls are being made now, and about how all phone calls will be made in the future. Voice Over IP (VOIP) is a method for turning analogue audio signals into digital data that can be transferred over the Internet.
You may be asking yourself how this is useful. Well think about it for a few seconds. If it is possible to turn analogue signals into digital data, then VOIP can turn a standard Internet connection into a method for placing phone calls anywhere in the world virtually free, except for your Internet service fee, enabling you to bypass the phone companies entirely.
Voice Over IP (VOIP) has the potential to completely revolutionise the way the worlds phone systems operate. There are many VOIP service providers that have been around for a while, and are growing steadily. Now the worlds leading telecommunications operators are waking up to the endless possibilities of this new technology, setting up VOIP calling centres around the world and promoting the sales of Voice Over IP phone systems. Read more information:
Making a call
With VOIP phone systems it is possible to make a call in one of three ways:
ATA (gateway) ? The simplest way to make a VOIP phone call is through the use of ATA's (analogue telephone adaptor) sometimes called gateways. These devices enable you to make use of your existing standard analogue phones. You simply plug your standard handset into the ATA (gateway) then connect the ATA to your computer or your Internet connection, enabling you to make VOIP calls. An ATA takes the analogue signal from your standard phone and turns it into a digital signal that ready for transmission over the Internet. Some ATA's (gateways) come with additional software that is loaded onto a host computer, enabling you to configure it for VOIP accurately.
IP Phones ? These handsets look just like normal standard handsets. They have an RJ 45 Ethernet connector instead of the standard RJ 11 connectors. These phones have all the necessary software and hardware to handle VOIP calls already built in them. They connect directly to your router, providing a very fast and cost effective entry into the world of Voice Over IP.
Computer to computer ? This is the easiest way to make use of the VOIP technology. There are many companies offering cost effective software that you can use for this type of VOIP. Usually the only charge you pay is the monthly one from your Internet service provider, even for long distance calls. All you need is a microphone, speakers, a suitable sound card and a fast Internet connection.
Chances are that you have already made a VOIP call without even realising it. The major phone companies already use VOIP to route thousands of long distance calls through a circuit switch and into an IP gateway. This is then received by a gateway at the other end and then routed to another local circuit switch. More and more companies are installing VOIP phone systems, and the technology will grow and grow until it finds its way into every business and household across the globe.Read more information:
Introduction....
The way we make phone calls is changing. In fact in many circumstances things have already changed. Take long distance calls for instance, many service providers are already using a technology called Voice Over IP or VOIP for short. If you have never heard of VOIP before, then the following article will change the way you think about how long distance phone calls are being made now, and about how all phone calls will be made in the future. Voice Over IP (VOIP) is a method for turning analogue audio signals into digital data that can be transferred over the Internet.
You may be asking yourself how this is useful. Well think about it for a few seconds. If it is possible to turn analogue signals into digital data, then VOIP can turn a standard Internet connection into a method for placing phone calls anywhere in the world virtually free, except for your Internet service fee, enabling you to bypass the phone companies entirely.
Voice Over IP (VOIP) has the potential to completely revolutionise the way the worlds phone systems operate. There are many VOIP service providers that have been around for a while, and are growing steadily. Now the worlds leading telecommunications operators are waking up to the endless possibilities of this new technology, setting up VOIP calling centres around the world and promoting the sales of Voice Over IP phone systems. Read more information:
Making a call
With VOIP phone systems it is possible to make a call in one of three ways:
ATA (gateway) ? The simplest way to make a VOIP phone call is through the use of ATA's (analogue telephone adaptor) sometimes called gateways. These devices enable you to make use of your existing standard analogue phones. You simply plug your standard handset into the ATA (gateway) then connect the ATA to your computer or your Internet connection, enabling you to make VOIP calls. An ATA takes the analogue signal from your standard phone and turns it into a digital signal that ready for transmission over the Internet. Some ATA's (gateways) come with additional software that is loaded onto a host computer, enabling you to configure it for VOIP accurately.
IP Phones ? These handsets look just like normal standard handsets. They have an RJ 45 Ethernet connector instead of the standard RJ 11 connectors. These phones have all the necessary software and hardware to handle VOIP calls already built in them. They connect directly to your router, providing a very fast and cost effective entry into the world of Voice Over IP.
Computer to computer ? This is the easiest way to make use of the VOIP technology. There are many companies offering cost effective software that you can use for this type of VOIP. Usually the only charge you pay is the monthly one from your Internet service provider, even for long distance calls. All you need is a microphone, speakers, a suitable sound card and a fast Internet connection.
Chances are that you have already made a VOIP call without even realising it. The major phone companies already use VOIP to route thousands of long distance calls through a circuit switch and into an IP gateway. This is then received by a gateway at the other end and then routed to another local circuit switch. More and more companies are installing VOIP phone systems, and the technology will grow and grow until it finds its way into every business and household across the globe.Read more information:
Start Computer in 10secs
Always bored of the time that a computer takes to startup.......
not any more i have got a solution for this......
How to turn the pc on in 10 seconds
How to turn the pc on in 10 seconds
Aight heres what u have to do to turn ur pc on in 10 seconds
:
Click on the start button then press R it will take u to Run well go to run
n type Regedit
press enter
this will open Registery Editor
now look for the key
HKEY_LOACAL_MECHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ContentIndex
now there find the Key Called
"Startup Delay"
Double Click On It
Now where its Base
Click Decimal
Now its Default Value Is 4800000
Change The Value To 40000
here u go u have done it
now close the Registery Editor and Restart Your Computer
You'll See The Result
Comments Apriciated
not any more i have got a solution for this......
How to turn the pc on in 10 seconds
How to turn the pc on in 10 seconds
Aight heres what u have to do to turn ur pc on in 10 seconds
:
Click on the start button then press R it will take u to Run well go to run
n type Regedit
press enter
this will open Registery Editor
now look for the key
HKEY_LOACAL_MECHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\ContentIndex
now there find the Key Called
"Startup Delay"
Double Click On It
Now where its Base
Click Decimal
Now its Default Value Is 4800000
Change The Value To 40000
here u go u have done it
now close the Registery Editor and Restart Your Computer
You'll See The Result
Comments Apriciated
Do U want to recover Ur scratched cd's....try the things given below...
Recover Your Scratched CD
Every one has had trouble with a scratched CD. Scratched data CD can't be read properly and in case of audio CD ,the CD skips when we play it.
The first thing to do with a CD which gives a reading error, is to clean it; to check that the error is not being caused by a dirty surface. You can try cleaning the CD with a soft cotton cloth by wiping its surface . Start at the center and rub gently straight outward towards the edge. In case of a stubborn stain,you can try using warm water with some mild soap.Avoid sponges since they can scratch the CD.
A CD's data is recorded on a metal layer inside it. This metal layer is inset in a transparent plastic covering (polycarbonate) which is used to protect the CD's metal layer and to allow printing a label on the side not used for reading.
A CD-ROM drive uses a laser beam to read the metal layer. This laser beam crosses the plastic layer and reads the metal layer. If the plastic layer is scratched, the beam will be unable to pass through it as it will get deviated, resulting in a read error. The data to be read still lies in the CD, the trouble lies in the layer of plastic.
So how to repair this CD which holds your favourite Elvis Presly track?
As the CD's contents are preserved, a scratched CD can be recovered by polishing its plastic surface.
The aim is to make the laser beam reach the metal surface which holds the data, in a straight line, without any deviations and change in intensity which may otherwise arise in a scratched CD.
Try polishing your CD with a "toothpaste"(baking soda toothpaste).Polish the scratches with a cotton swab. Rub gently the paste-imbued swab over the scratches until they disappear or until you notice that you have removed them as far as possible.Do all the cleaning gently.Do not apply pressure.After clearing the scratches, wash the CD in water.Let the water evaporate by itself.Do not keep the CD in sunlight.Keep it in a cool and shady area.
DO NOT USE A GEL TOOTHPASTE.
If the scratches still persist try using a metal polish (Brasso) in the same way as described above. Rub Vaseline on the CD, very gently (do not press hard).Rub from the centre to the rim. Wipe excess off using clean, soft, lint-free cloth in a radial (inside to outside) motion.
Test disc again. If the Vaseline does the trick, burn a new copy of the CD immediately. The Vaseline method is only a temporary solution.
Every one has had trouble with a scratched CD. Scratched data CD can't be read properly and in case of audio CD ,the CD skips when we play it.
The first thing to do with a CD which gives a reading error, is to clean it; to check that the error is not being caused by a dirty surface. You can try cleaning the CD with a soft cotton cloth by wiping its surface . Start at the center and rub gently straight outward towards the edge. In case of a stubborn stain,you can try using warm water with some mild soap.Avoid sponges since they can scratch the CD.
A CD's data is recorded on a metal layer inside it. This metal layer is inset in a transparent plastic covering (polycarbonate) which is used to protect the CD's metal layer and to allow printing a label on the side not used for reading.
A CD-ROM drive uses a laser beam to read the metal layer. This laser beam crosses the plastic layer and reads the metal layer. If the plastic layer is scratched, the beam will be unable to pass through it as it will get deviated, resulting in a read error. The data to be read still lies in the CD, the trouble lies in the layer of plastic.
So how to repair this CD which holds your favourite Elvis Presly track?
As the CD's contents are preserved, a scratched CD can be recovered by polishing its plastic surface.
The aim is to make the laser beam reach the metal surface which holds the data, in a straight line, without any deviations and change in intensity which may otherwise arise in a scratched CD.
Try polishing your CD with a "toothpaste"(baking soda toothpaste).Polish the scratches with a cotton swab. Rub gently the paste-imbued swab over the scratches until they disappear or until you notice that you have removed them as far as possible.Do all the cleaning gently.Do not apply pressure.After clearing the scratches, wash the CD in water.Let the water evaporate by itself.Do not keep the CD in sunlight.Keep it in a cool and shady area.
DO NOT USE A GEL TOOTHPASTE.
If the scratches still persist try using a metal polish (Brasso) in the same way as described above. Rub Vaseline on the CD, very gently (do not press hard).Rub from the centre to the rim. Wipe excess off using clean, soft, lint-free cloth in a radial (inside to outside) motion.
Test disc again. If the Vaseline does the trick, burn a new copy of the CD immediately. The Vaseline method is only a temporary solution.
NTFS V/s FAT check this..
NTFS vs FAT
To
NTFS or not to NTFS—that is the question. But unlike the deeper
questions of life, this one isn't really all that hard to answer. For
most users running Windows XP, NTFS is the obvious choice. It's more
powerful and offers security advantages not found in the other file
systems. But let's go over the differences among the files systems so
we're all clear about the choice. There are essentially three different
file systems available in Windows XP: FAT16, short for File Allocation
Table, FAT32, and NTFS, short for NT File System.
FAT16
The FAT16 file system was introduced way back with MS–DOS in 1981, and
it's showing its age. It was designed originally to handle files on a
floppy drive, and has had minor modifications over the years so it can
handle hard disks, and even file names longer than the original
limitation of 8.3 characters, but it's still the lowest common
denominator. The biggest advantage of FAT16 is that it is compatible
across a wide variety of operating systems, including Windows 95/98/Me,
OS/2, Linux, and some versions of UNIX. The biggest problem of FAT16 is
that it has a fixed maximum number of clusters per partition, so as
hard disks get bigger and bigger, the size of each cluster has to get
larger. In a 2–GB partition, each cluster is 32 kilobytes, meaning that
even the smallest file on the partition will take up 32 KB of space.
FAT16 also doesn't support compression, encryption, or advanced
security using access control lists.
FAT32
The FAT32 file system, originally introduced in Windows 95 Service Pack
2, is really just an extension of the original FAT16 file system that
provides for a much larger number of clusters per partition. As such,
it greatly improves the overall disk utilization when compared to a
FAT16 file system. However, FAT32 shares all of the other limitations
of FAT16, and adds an important additional limitation—many operating
systems that can recognize FAT16 will not work with FAT32—most notably
Windows NT, but also Linux and UNIX as well. Now this isn't a problem
if you're running FAT32 on a Windows XP computer and sharing your drive
out to other computers on your network—they don't need to know (and
generally don't really care) what your underlying file system is.
The Advantages of NTFS
The NTFS file system, introduced with first version of Windows NT, is a
completely different file system from FAT. It provides for greatly
increased security, file–by–file compression, quotas, and even
encryption. It is the default file system for new installations of
Windows XP, and if you're doing an upgrade from a previous version of
Windows, you'll be asked if you want to convert your existing file
systems to NTFS. Don't worry. If you've already upgraded to Windows XP
and didn't do the conversion then, it's not a problem. You can convert
FAT16 or FAT32 volumes to NTFS at any point. Just remember that you
can't easily go back to FAT or FAT32 (without reformatting the drive or
partition), not that I think you'll want to.
The
NTFS file system is generally not compatible with other operating
systems installed on the same computer, nor is it available when you've
booted a computer from a floppy disk. For this reason, many system
administrators, myself included, used to recommend that users format at
least a small partition at the beginning of their main hard disk as
FAT. This partition provided a place to store emergency recovery tools
or special drivers needed for reinstallation, and was a mechanism for
digging yourself out of the hole you'd just dug into. But with the
enhanced recovery abilities built into Windows XP (more on that in a
future column), I don't think it's necessary or desirable to create
that initial FAT partition.
When to Use FAT or FAT32
If you're running more than one operating system on a single computer,
you will definitely need to format some of your volumes as FAT. Any
programs or data that need to be accessed by more than one operating
system on that computer should be stored on a FAT16 or possibly FAT32
volume. But keep in mind that you have no security for data on a FAT16
or FAT32 volume—any one with access to the computer can read, change,
or even delete any file that is stored on a FAT16 or FAT32 partition.
In many cases, this is even possible over a network. So do not store
sensitive files on drives or partitions formatted with FAT file systems.
To
NTFS or not to NTFS—that is the question. But unlike the deeper
questions of life, this one isn't really all that hard to answer. For
most users running Windows XP, NTFS is the obvious choice. It's more
powerful and offers security advantages not found in the other file
systems. But let's go over the differences among the files systems so
we're all clear about the choice. There are essentially three different
file systems available in Windows XP: FAT16, short for File Allocation
Table, FAT32, and NTFS, short for NT File System.
FAT16
The FAT16 file system was introduced way back with MS–DOS in 1981, and
it's showing its age. It was designed originally to handle files on a
floppy drive, and has had minor modifications over the years so it can
handle hard disks, and even file names longer than the original
limitation of 8.3 characters, but it's still the lowest common
denominator. The biggest advantage of FAT16 is that it is compatible
across a wide variety of operating systems, including Windows 95/98/Me,
OS/2, Linux, and some versions of UNIX. The biggest problem of FAT16 is
that it has a fixed maximum number of clusters per partition, so as
hard disks get bigger and bigger, the size of each cluster has to get
larger. In a 2–GB partition, each cluster is 32 kilobytes, meaning that
even the smallest file on the partition will take up 32 KB of space.
FAT16 also doesn't support compression, encryption, or advanced
security using access control lists.
FAT32
The FAT32 file system, originally introduced in Windows 95 Service Pack
2, is really just an extension of the original FAT16 file system that
provides for a much larger number of clusters per partition. As such,
it greatly improves the overall disk utilization when compared to a
FAT16 file system. However, FAT32 shares all of the other limitations
of FAT16, and adds an important additional limitation—many operating
systems that can recognize FAT16 will not work with FAT32—most notably
Windows NT, but also Linux and UNIX as well. Now this isn't a problem
if you're running FAT32 on a Windows XP computer and sharing your drive
out to other computers on your network—they don't need to know (and
generally don't really care) what your underlying file system is.
The Advantages of NTFS
The NTFS file system, introduced with first version of Windows NT, is a
completely different file system from FAT. It provides for greatly
increased security, file–by–file compression, quotas, and even
encryption. It is the default file system for new installations of
Windows XP, and if you're doing an upgrade from a previous version of
Windows, you'll be asked if you want to convert your existing file
systems to NTFS. Don't worry. If you've already upgraded to Windows XP
and didn't do the conversion then, it's not a problem. You can convert
FAT16 or FAT32 volumes to NTFS at any point. Just remember that you
can't easily go back to FAT or FAT32 (without reformatting the drive or
partition), not that I think you'll want to.
The
NTFS file system is generally not compatible with other operating
systems installed on the same computer, nor is it available when you've
booted a computer from a floppy disk. For this reason, many system
administrators, myself included, used to recommend that users format at
least a small partition at the beginning of their main hard disk as
FAT. This partition provided a place to store emergency recovery tools
or special drivers needed for reinstallation, and was a mechanism for
digging yourself out of the hole you'd just dug into. But with the
enhanced recovery abilities built into Windows XP (more on that in a
future column), I don't think it's necessary or desirable to create
that initial FAT partition.
When to Use FAT or FAT32
If you're running more than one operating system on a single computer,
you will definitely need to format some of your volumes as FAT. Any
programs or data that need to be accessed by more than one operating
system on that computer should be stored on a FAT16 or possibly FAT32
volume. But keep in mind that you have no security for data on a FAT16
or FAT32 volume—any one with access to the computer can read, change,
or even delete any file that is stored on a FAT16 or FAT32 partition.
In many cases, this is even possible over a network. So do not store
sensitive files on drives or partitions formatted with FAT file systems.
Top Interview Tips......
Interview Tips
Job and Salary Questions
Why Should We Employ You?
For this question, your answer should list out strengths that you feel are relevant to the job. Given below are some answers which could help you with your answers. However, structure them to suit your requirements.
? I have good co-ordination skills
? Good analytical skills
? I can persuade people to see my point of view, and get the work done
? My greatest asset is my ability to motivate people
? Even during emergencies, I do not loose my cool
? I have good entrepreneurial skills
? I have consistently met my deadlines and targets
? Can say ?no? to people when required to do so!
? I am very co-operative with my sub-ordinates, and would like to see them grow
? I am a good team player
? I am very flexible, and have the ability to work hard under difficult work conditions
? I have the experience and knowledge relevant to this job (Here, give appropriate details and examples)
Have You Applied to Any Other Company?
This is of course a difficult question to answer. Obviously, you must have applied to other companies if you are looking for a job. Therefore, do not lie that you have not. However, you are on thin ice here! The interviewer could be checking your honesty. On the other hand, he/she may also be trying to find out how focused you are - are you applying randomly, or is there a well-planned strategy?
Whatever your answer, it should match your career goals.
What Is Your Job Profile In the Current Job?
The interviewer is trying to find out if your experience can help the company ? if you have the relevant skills or not! While answering this type of a question, give all details about your job profile, and also mention any special skills that you imparted to the job.
What Salary Are You Drawing?
The question is not difficult to answer ? just be honest and give the figure. In all probability, your next employer may base your salary on this amount. However, the problem arises when you feel you are being underpaid in your current organisation. You may feel tempted to lie, but do not give in, as checks can be easily made and you may be disqualified. In case you are getting additional perks, incentives or commissions, do not forget to mention them, as they are important while negotiating salary.
What Salary Are You Expecting?
Try not to get into salary details early in the interview. If pressed, you could say that it all depends on the job, and would like to talk about it after a job offer. Say this in a convincing tone. In case you are asked this question in your latter interviews, give a direct answer. Do not sound apologetic while quoting the figure you have in mind.
Job and Salary Questions
Why Should We Employ You?
For this question, your answer should list out strengths that you feel are relevant to the job. Given below are some answers which could help you with your answers. However, structure them to suit your requirements.
? I have good co-ordination skills
? Good analytical skills
? I can persuade people to see my point of view, and get the work done
? My greatest asset is my ability to motivate people
? Even during emergencies, I do not loose my cool
? I have good entrepreneurial skills
? I have consistently met my deadlines and targets
? Can say ?no? to people when required to do so!
? I am very co-operative with my sub-ordinates, and would like to see them grow
? I am a good team player
? I am very flexible, and have the ability to work hard under difficult work conditions
? I have the experience and knowledge relevant to this job (Here, give appropriate details and examples)
Have You Applied to Any Other Company?
This is of course a difficult question to answer. Obviously, you must have applied to other companies if you are looking for a job. Therefore, do not lie that you have not. However, you are on thin ice here! The interviewer could be checking your honesty. On the other hand, he/she may also be trying to find out how focused you are - are you applying randomly, or is there a well-planned strategy?
Whatever your answer, it should match your career goals.
What Is Your Job Profile In the Current Job?
The interviewer is trying to find out if your experience can help the company ? if you have the relevant skills or not! While answering this type of a question, give all details about your job profile, and also mention any special skills that you imparted to the job.
What Salary Are You Drawing?
The question is not difficult to answer ? just be honest and give the figure. In all probability, your next employer may base your salary on this amount. However, the problem arises when you feel you are being underpaid in your current organisation. You may feel tempted to lie, but do not give in, as checks can be easily made and you may be disqualified. In case you are getting additional perks, incentives or commissions, do not forget to mention them, as they are important while negotiating salary.
What Salary Are You Expecting?
Try not to get into salary details early in the interview. If pressed, you could say that it all depends on the job, and would like to talk about it after a job offer. Say this in a convincing tone. In case you are asked this question in your latter interviews, give a direct answer. Do not sound apologetic while quoting the figure you have in mind.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
